AŞK KADINLARI

17/3/2009 - Shanghai World Financial Center




The Shanghai World Financial Center  is a supertall skyscraper in Shanghai, China. It is a mixed use skyscraper which consists of offices, hotels, conference rooms, observation decks, and shopping malls on the ground floors. Park Hyatt Shanghai is the hotel component containing 174 rooms and suites. On opening, this hotel will become the highest in the world, surpassing the Grand Hyatt Shanghai on the 53rd to 87th floors of the neighboring Jin Mao Tower.
On 14 September 2007 the skyscraper was topped out[6] at 492.0 meters (1,614.2 ft)[7] and became the second tallest building in the world; as well as the tallest structure on mainland China, including Hong Kong. It is currently the world's tallest completed building by roof.

On 28 August 2008, the SWFC officially opened for business. On August 30 the Observation Deck opened with a view from 3 levels. The highest view is at 474 m (1,555 ft) above ground level

 

 

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17/3/2009 - BANK-BANKEN İN NEDERLAND

  1. Overzicht van Bank - Banken in Nederland, oa bank, Bank, banken, Banken, spaarbank, sparen, lenen, spaar, rekening, spaarrekening, spaarrekeningen, ...
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  2. Fortis Bank - Particulier

    Uw vragen over Fortis Bank Nederland en onze antwoorden. Zoeken. De moeite waard . Kantoor zoeken Direct aanvragen via Online Banking ...
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  3. Homepage - De Nederlandsche Bank

    De bewindvoerders van Landsbanki in Nederland, waar Icesave onder valt, ... De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) heeft een pagina met veelgestelde vragen over dit ...
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  4. DHB Bank (Nederland) N.V. - DHB Bank

     - [ Vertaal deze pagina ]
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  5. ASN Bank - voor de wereld van morgen

    De ASN Bank, opgericht in 1960, is de grootste duurzame bank van Nederland en onderdeel van SNS REAAL. De ASN Bank heeft een vergunning van De Nederlandsche ...
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  7. Direct opneembaar sparen tegen 4,50 % eff. per jaar!

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  8. Nederlandse banken, banken startpagina

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  9. Dexia Bank Nederland

    Richt zich in eerste instantie op spaar- en beleggingsproducten die via financieel intermediairs worden gedistribueerd. Met mogelijkheden voor online sparen ...
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  10. Dexia Bank Nederland

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KREDİT OHNE SCHUFA


Schnell ist es passiert. Kein Geld um finanzielle Forderungen zu erfüllen, beispielsweise die Telefonrechnung. Das reicht aus und schon hat man einen negativen Eintrag in seiner SCHUFA-Akte. Die schufa (Schutzgemeinschaft für allgemeine Kreditsicherung) ist ein Kreditbüro, das von den Kreditgebern zum Beispiel Kreditinstituten, getragen wird. Ihr Ziel ist es Kreditgeber vor finanziellen Ausfällen zu bewahren, indem sie die Informationen sammelt, die für die Einschätzung der Kreditwürdigkeit von Personen von Belang sein könnenMit einem negativen Eintrag in die SCHUFA-Akte kann man meist bei inländischen Kreditinstituten keinen Kredit mehr erhalten. Die Lösung ist der so genannte "Schweizer Kredit". Hier wird ein Kredit auch trotz schufa gewährt. Das Kreditinstitut hat den Sitz in der Schweiz. Diese schufafreien Kredite werden über Vermittlungsfirmen vermittelt, und es wird keine Einsicht in die SCHUFA-Akte verlangt. Auch wer selbstständig arbeitet oder arbeitslos ist hat hier die Möglichkeit einen Kredit aufzunehmen, obwohl er nur in einem engen Rahmen sein Einkommen belegen könnte. Oftmals werden schufafreie ratenkredite in Anspruch genommen, die in monatlichen festgelegten Raten zurück bezahlt werden. Hier muss man allerdings im Normalfall mit höheren Zinsen rechnen, als es bei einem Kredit mit Einsicht in die SCHUFA-Akte der Fall wäre. Der Kreditgeber geht ein höheres Risiko ein und das spiegelt sich meist in den höheren Zinsen wider.Die Gründe weshalb man einen Kredit aufnehmen möchte sind vielseitig. Wichtig ist es für den Kreditnehmer jedoch, sich über seinen finanziellen Rahmen im Klaren zu sein. Er muss vorher genau prüfen, ob er in der Zukunft in der Lage sein wird, den aufgenommenen kredit auch wieder abzubezahlen. Ansonsten läuft man Gefahr, in noch größere finanzielle Probleme zu geraten, anstatt seine Probleme zu lösen. Ein gründlicher Vergleich zwischen Kreditangeboten ist also dringend anzuraten, damit nichts der Umsetzung seines Projekts im Wege steht.


KREDİET-BANK-FİNANCE-BANKİNG



In een kort overzicht vind u hier de verschillende leenvormen. Voor de alle duidelijkheid staan hier de verschillen in het kort opgesomd.RekenvoorbeeldDe familie De Vries wil een lening aanvragen voor de verbouwing van de badkamer. Voor deze verbouwing willen ze € 5000,00 lenen. De familie De Vries wil zekerheid wat betreft de maandelijkse rente en wil tussentijds geen geld meer opnemen. Ze kiezen daarom voor een persoonlijke lening.Jan en Anita willen meer financiële bestedingsruimte. Tussentijds willen ze geld kunnen opnemen. Wanneer er meer geld beschikbaar is, willen ze ook de mogelijkheid hebben om meer af te lossen. Ze kiezen voor een doorlopend krediet.Lening vormenDoorlopend kredietWat is een doorlopend krediet?Een doorlopend krediet is er om over langere periode meer bestedingsruimte te hebben. U mag steeds geld opnemen tot aan de kredietlimiet, maar u mag ook minder opnemen.Tussentijds mag er altijd zonder boete worden afgelost. Dit krediet is handig wanneer u nog niet exact weet hoeveel geld u nodig heeft of wanneer u het geld nodig heeft. U betaald elke maand een vast bedrag aan rente en aflossing.Voordelen:- Alleen rente betalen over het opgenomen bedrag- Tussentijds extra geld aflossen (boetevrij)- Meestal een eigen bankpasOversluiten van een doorlopend krediet:U heeft een lening of misschien wel meerdere leningen lopen. Het is dan vaak voordeliger om uw huidige krediet(en) over te sluiten. In plaats van verschillende afschriften, komt alles dan op één handig overzicht.Tussentijds een extra krediet afsluiten:Wanneer u geen achterstand hebt opgelopen met betalen en uw financiële situatie laat het toe, is het mogelijk om een nieuwe lening af te sluiten voordat de vorige is afgelopen. Een deel van het bedrag dat u leent, wordt dan gebruikt voor de aflossing van de vorige overeenkomst(en).Verhogen doorlopend kredietHet kan voorkomen dat naast uw doorlopend krediet nog behoefte is aan een extra financiële reserve. U kunt er dan voor kiezen om het bestaande krediet open te breken en vervolgens uw krediet te verhogen.Persoonlijke leningWat is een persoonlijke leningBij de persoonlijke lening krijgt u in één keer de beschikking over het geleende bedrag. Wanneer u een persoonlijke lening afsluit, weet u precies wanneer de lening eindigt. U spreekt namelijk van tevoren een looptijd af. Zo spreekt u bij een persoonlijk krediet eenmalig een leenbedrag en een looptijd af. U krijgt dit bedrag in één keer op uw rekening gestort. Vervolgens betaald u maandelijks een vast bedrag aan rente en aflossing. In tijden van rentestijgingen biedt een persoonlijk krediet u zekerheid, want uw rente blijft ongewijzigd! Zo weet u precies waar u aan toe bent.Bent u van plan een nieuwe auto of caravan te kopen? Of wordt het tijd voor nieuwe meubels? Wellicht heeft u hiervoor gespaard, maar is het genoeg? Wanneer u extra geld nodig heeft, maar graag overzicht houdt in uw financiën, is een persoonlijke lening voor u een oplossing!Voordelen:- Uitbetaling direct ineens- Vast rentepercentage- Vast maandbedrag- Vaste looptijdVaste renteWanneer de rente stijgt is een persoonlijke lening ideaal. Mocht de rente stijgen, dan heeft dit geen enkele invloed op de persoonlijke lening. Deze rente blijft ongewijzigd.Stel u koopt een auto. Bij een persoonlijke lening spreekt u van tevoren af wat de looptijd van de lening is. U kunt deze lening bijvoorbeeld afstemmen op de levensduur

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15/3/2009 - Titanmoneyexpress

titanmoneyexpress is an international payment processor in an OFFSHORE jurisdiction. For individuals and online businesses
from across the world! Make payments, do shopping or receive money by email from
anywhere in the world! As an offshore payment processor in a tax haven
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All you need is a FREE account and your email address
to send or receive money
OFFSHORE protection status- no 3rd party reporting
required
Personal / Prestige Accounts takes 2 minutes
to open!
Merchants sell your products to anyone with an email
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New: Business Prestige
Accounts for High Net worth Individuals and Business people from across the
world. read more
User Accounts may be operated on a "Verified" or
"Unverified" status. read
more
Need some Privacy and Anonymity?
-Escrow services coming soon!
What about Tax Freedom?
NO tolerance Policies against fraud or
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more
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14/3/2009 - HSBS




HSBC Holdings was established in 1990 to become the parent company to The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in preparation for its purchase of Midland Bank and a change of domicile for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong. Shares in HSBC Holdings were first listed on the London Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1991. The acquisition of Midland Bank giving HSBC a substantial presence in the UK was completed in 1992 and the headquarters of HSBC Holdings moved from 1 Queens Road Central, Hong Kong to 10 Lower Thames Street, London in 1993.

Major acquisitions in South America started with the purchase of Banco Bamerindus of Brazil for $1bn in March 1997 and the acquisition of Roberts SA de Inversiones of Argentina for $600m in May 1997.

In May 1999 HSBC embarked on a major acquisition in the United States with the purchase of Republic National Bank of New York for $10.3bn.

Expansion into Continental Europe took place in April 2000 with the acquisition of Crédit Commercial de France, a large French bank for £6.6bn.

In July 2001 HSBC bought Demirbank, an insolvent Turkish bank. Then in August 2002 HSBC acquired Grupo Financiero Bital, SA de CV, Mexico's largest retail bank for $1.1bn.

The new headquarters of HSBC Holdings at 8 Canada Square, London officially opened in April 2003.

In November 2002 HSBC expanded in the United States acquiring Household International, a US credit card issuer for £9bn. In a 2003 cover story, The Banker noted "when banking historians look back, they may conclude that [it] was the deal of the first decade of the 21st century".

Then in September 2003 HSBC bought Polski Kredyt Bank SA of Poland for $7.8m.

A terrorist attack took place in November 2003: a bomb blast in Istanbul damaged the bank’s head office in Turkey, causing several deaths and hundreds of injuries.

In October 2003 HSBC bought the Bank of Bermuda for $1.3bn.

In June 2004 HSBC expanded into China buying 19.9% of the Bank of Communications of Shanghai.

In the United Kingdom HSBC acquired Marks & Spencer Retail Financial Services Holdings Ltd for £763m in December 2004.

Acquisitions in 2005 included Metris Inc, a US credit card issuer for $1.6bn in August and 70.1% of Dar Es Salaam Investment Bank of Iraq in October.In April 2006 HSBC bought the 90 branches in Argentina of Banca Nazionale del Lavoro for $155m.Later that year, in July HSBC bought Grupo Banistmo, the largest financial services company in Central America, based in Panama for $1.8bn.

In December 2007 HSBC acquired The Chinese Bank in Taiwan.

In May 2008 HSBC acquired IL&FS Investment, an Indian retail broking firm.


Operations

Corporate profile
In February 2008, HSBC was named the world's most valuable banking brand by The Banker magazine. Not known for marked fluctuations in securities exchanges around the world relative to its rivals, HSBC is more well known in banking circles for its conservative and risk-averse approach in its business operations - a company tradition going back to the 19th century. In its technical management, however, HSBC has recently suffered a series of headline-making incidents in which some customer data were allegedly leaked or simply went missing. Although the consequences turned out to be small, the embarrassing effect on the group's image did not go unnoticed.

As of April 2, 2008, according to Forbes magazine, HSBC was the fourth largest bank in the world in terms of assets ($2,348.98 billion), the second largest in terms of sales ($146.50 billion), the largest in terms of market value ($180.81 billion). It was also the most profitable bank in the world with $19.13 billion in net income in 2007 (compared to Citigroup's $3.62 billion and Bank of America's $14.98 billion in the same period).

HSBC is by far the largest bank both in the United Kingdom and in Hong Kong and prints most of Hong Kong's local currency in its own name. Since the end of 2005, HSBC has been the largest banking group in the world by Tier 1 capital.

The HSBC Group has a significant presence in each of the world's major financial markets, with the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe each representing around one third of the business. With 9,500 offices in 85 countries, 210,000 shareholders, 330,000 staff and 128 million customers worldwide, HSBC arguably has the most international presence among the world's multinational banking giants.

The HSBC Group operates as a number of local banks around the world. Outlined below are countries which, in 2007, generated the top 20 profit before tax figures, with the addition of the United States as specific issues exclude that country from the top 20 for 2007.[34] For details of other group companies see Category:HSBC.

HSBC BANK İNTERNATİONAL.

HSBC Bank International Limited is the offshore banking arm of the HSBC Group, focusing on providing offshore solutions and cross border services to expatriates and migrants. It provides a full range of multi-currency personal banking services to a range of customer segments, including a full internet banking and telephone banking service. Sometimes referred to as "HSBC Offshore", the business also offers independent financial planning, and has representative offices all over the world, often working alongside local HSBC operations in those regions.

HSBC Bank International originated from the business started by Midland Bank and is based in the Channel Islands with further operations on the Isle of Man. Its operations in the Channel Islands are centred around its registered headquarters on the seafront in St Helier, Jersey. Named 'HSBC House', the building comprises departments such as Premier, Global Funds & Investments, e-Business and a 24 hour 'Direct Banking Centre'

 

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13/3/2009 - MLTRAC



With the ever-increasing emphasis on being able to demonstrate adequate anti money laundering procedures and prevention techniques, plus the draconian penalties for those failing to maintain suitable evidence of such activity, no financial institution can afford to be without an automated system such as MLTrac.

MLTrac is part of our portfolio of banking software and is dedicated to identifying, tracking and regulating potentially suspicious or illegal activities in respect of money laundering and/or the proceeds of crime.


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MLTrac enables financial institutions to improve their internal disciplines,supplement their policies and procedures, and make a clear statement to the authorities about their commitment to effective anti money laundering controls.

MLTrac's functionality is based upon a combination of our experience, together with contributions from our customer base and the relevant international financial authorities. Regular updates also take account of any future changes in market requirements and legislation.

Functions:

*
KYC Document Management - The definition, scanning, management and tracking of customer documentation, and reporting of any deviations.
*
KYC Account Monitoring -The tracking of movements over account(s) looking for deviations outside of a pre-determined profile.
*
Manual Watch List Checking. Enter a name and the system will check to see if the name, or like sounding names, appear on any of the watch lists (e.g. OFAC, Bank of England and others) that the system monitors
* Message Monitoring. MLTrac can be configured to check all inbound and outbound messages, irrespective of format, to see whether any field (normally the Ordering Customer and Beneficiary) appears on one of the supported checklists. The bank has control over the granularity of the name checking so as not to create too many false alerts. Messages that fail Watch List Checking are put to a quarantine queue for manual intervention. Full Audit Trails of all checks and actions taken is maintained by the system.
*
Cash Remittances. For the many institutions that originate from a country with a large overseas population the problems associated with accepting cash for remittance back home when taken against the potential ramifications of anti money laundering legislation means that the business is very risky and, often, not worth doing. The Cash Remittances module does away with this fear. Information concerning the remitter is maintained as part of the KYC Documentation Management module and is displayed and made available to the teller at the point of capturing data. A full record off all remitters and beneficiaries is maintained. Limits can be placed upon the individual remitter and upon the ultimate beneficiary (irrespective of source). The resulting SQL database can be interrogated for unusual payment patterns.

 

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1/3/2009 - FOREX EDUCATION I FOREX TRAINING

 

FOREX EDUCATION I FOREX TRAINING

 

Do you have what it takes to become a successful Forex Trader?
Forex trading, or any trading for that matter, is an occupation that requires experience and the accumulation of proficiency not unlike any other highly skilled profession. Whether you are a leading executive at a major publically traded company, a professional golfer or trading from your kitchen table, there are 5 key ingredients that one must possess in order to become successful.

1. You must be Passionate about what you do.

As Forex traders we all face one unique set of circumstances that does not exist in any other profession. We get rewarded for when we succeed and equally punished when we don’t! Could you image a corporate worker one quarter receiving a significant accomplishment bonus and the next quarter actually getting money taken from their paycheck for missing performance targets? Not on your life!

We do as Forex traders and that is why passion for what you do will carry you through the tough times that are part of your trading business. Asked yourself why you trade currencies and would you still do it if Forex were not potentially lucrative? Your answers will be quite revealing. You’ve got to feel your passion for trading!

2. You have to Apply Yourself and work hard at it.

I talk to so many people that enter into Forex trading with the aspiration of getting rich quick. Without putting the time and energy into really getting good at trading I see them jump from strategy to strategy looking for the goose that will lay the golden egg and eventually quitting while blaming everything else, except the true cause.

I got news for you – you are the goose and your Forex education is the golden egg. The magic has always resided with the magician and not some strategy. Work hard at trading and the rewards will eventually come your way. Remember what Tiger Woods said, “Funny, the harder I work the luckier I get.” Apply yourself as a trader and it will be no accident when your account begins to blossom.

3. You must Focus to really get good at what you do.

Now here is the hurdle most Forex traders struggle to get over. You have the passion and you are applying yourself to your trade, now focus and really get good at just at what you are doing. Be the expert to the experts at just that one thing. Become the master of a strategy or risk management methodologies. Really focus on getting good at it.

Stop jumping around or getting pulled from the last “latest and greatest” into the next “latest and greatest” and focus on one aspect of Forex trading and know it inside out. Know it strengths and weakness. Set your sights on becoming expert on just one aspect of trading and watch it spill over in all other aspects for your currency trading. This is the time to fail forward fast, use every setback as a learning opportunity that will propel you 3-steps ahead!

4. You must Push Yourself beyond the point everyone else might have quite.

In Forex Trading this is simple. Assume there is someone on the other side of your trade that is pushing themselves and sharpening their edge. To be successful you must you must do the same thing. Now is the time to examine your mental edge. Do you know the single most critical factor in any currency trade? It is you, the trader! Sharpening you mental edge is the most difficult aspect of trading, but also the most rewarding.

Start with your Forex education and gain the self-awareness necessary to maximize your strengths and suppress your weaknesses. Any expert will tell you that trading is 80% mental. It’s time to sharpen your trading to the razor’s edge and you do this through Forex education. A constant and never ending process that will become the cornerstone of your Forex experience.

5. You must, without wavering, be Determined and Persist to your objective.

You will fail. I can state that emphatically. However, you will not be defeated unless you allow your failures to control your trading. It is the old adage; failure is not falling of your horse, failure is refusing to get back on. Your success depends on your ability to dismiss the criticism, rejection, self-doubt and pressures associated with Forex trading.

Defining what is a winning trade, losing trade and bad trade will go a long way into developing you as a successful trader. Without the determination and persistence in all aspects of your trading life, obstacle will definitely appear closer and larger than they actually are.

Take a moment and assess yourself and your trading. Do you have the key elements to succeed? Which areas are presents development opportunities? When conducting a self-evaluation it is critical to be totally upfront and honest with yourself. After all, you will only be dishonest with yourself. One of the most interesting observations you can make is that all key success factors are interwoven. One factor supports the other. This is why your Forex education is a continuous journey of forex strategy, money management and self-mastery. Set these factors as your Forex education goals and take your currency trading to new heights.

 

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1/3/2009 - THE LAST DAYS OF PRIVACY

As technology makes life richer and easier, we leave a trail of information that is susceptible to prying eyes


Within the next four months, a major Bay Area supermarket chain plans to introduce a payment system that uses biometric fingerprint authentication to verify customers' identities. Under this system, shoppers in checkout lines won't need to use cash, checks, debit cards or credit cards. Instead, they can place their fingers on scanners that read fingerprints, and once the device links to their bank or credit card accounts, they can buy groceries, get cash back and do everything else shoppers do.



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[Podcast: Insight Editor Jim Finefrock and reporter Jonathan Curiel talk about how Americans might as well face up the fact that there is little privacy left.]

The system is already used in cities around the United States, including Portland, Ore., and Chicago, where one shopper says it has changed his life for the better. Linc Thelen, a 37-year-old interior designer, says the fingerprint system -- known commercially as Pay By Touch -- is convenient to use and expedites his way through grocery lines at Jewel-Osco, where he shops. Thelen says the system lets people leave their wallets behind, so they don't have to worry about being robbed or losing their credit cards.

"I had no reservation," Thelen said in a phone interview. "It's a safe way to store information."

But no system is 100 percent foolproof.

Despite the fact that armed men guard the computers that store the customers' virtual fingerprints, despite the fact that Bank of America's former security chief now heads Pay By Touch's security division, and despite the fact that Pay By Touch hires people to try to expose vulnerabilities in its computer system (so those vulnerabilities can be eliminated), Pay By Touch President John Morris acknowledges that "it's not impossible" for computer hackers to figure out how to tamper with its information.

And therein lies one of the 21st century's most vexing problems: More and more of our personal data are captured and stored by corporate and government interests, and are potentially available to anyone with the technological, legal or financial means to access that information.

Whether it's phone calls we make, library books we check out, CDs we buy on the Internet or divorces we finalize in court, we leave a trail of information that becomes susceptible to prying eyes. For the price of a bus pass, you can pay a company to supply anyone's address, phone number, political affiliation, estimated income and property history. For $20 more, you can find out if that person is married or divorced, has a criminal record, and what sort of jobs he or she has worked.

Sen. Hillary Clinton, D-N.Y., says she will introduce a "privacy bill of rights" because identity theft and security failures of personal records have become "one of the most important issues facing us as individuals and as a nation."

The availability of personal information -- downloadable onto laptop computers, which are increasingly being fitted with fingerprint technology -- is changing the culture in ways that may seem trivial but are really benchmarks for a new society already in its formative stages.

A small example: Unbeknownst to the men who date her, Judy runs background checks on all of them, using a private investigator to dig out any "red flags" that would presage troubling behavior. A businesswoman in Southern California, Judy, 50, uses a company called DateSmart, whose client base has boomed in the past five years as more people confront the perils of online dating.

"I'm glad the information is out there," says Judy, who did not want her last name used because of concerns her suitors would read this article. "The men I'm talking to online are complete strangers. And I have absolutely no knowledge of their character other than what they're saying in their profiles. I need to feel comfortable knowing that they're not an ax murderer. The people you meet might be well dressed, but you never know if they have any criminal history. It's for (my) safety."

Background checks are nothing new. What's changed are the speed with which you can obtain them, their relatively small price (some companies advertise free checks) and their growing public acceptance. The information revolution has transformed the background check into a common and casual tool, and those being scrutinized probably don't have a clue. More obvious are the security cameras embedded in nearly every major American city, including New York, Milwaukee, Chicago, Atlanta, Los Angeles and, yes, San Francisco, where lenses record people's activities in such crime-ridden neighborhoods as Bayview-Hunters Point and the Western Addition. The spread of these cameras is championed by authorities, who say it reduces criminal activity, and criticized by the ACLU, which says the equipment is an unnecessary intrusion into public spaces.

Civil liberties groups have joined the widespread outcry against the government's monitoring of Americans' phone-call records. Two weeks ago in federal court, the ACLU challenged the legal rationale behind the National Security Agency program, arguing that the NSA's actions -- involving "data mining" of records provided by AT&T and other telephone companies -- violate Americans' rights to free speech and privacy as guaranteed under the First and Fourth Amendments. Last week, privacy experts raised questions about the U.S. government's monitoring of international bank transfers -- previously secret data surveillance officials say is justified by the fight against terrorism.

Americans' rights to privacy will be tested even more in the next few years as biometric technology creeps increasingly into everyday arenas. For example, on the campus of UC San Diego, biometric experts are testing a soda machine that uses both fingerprint and face-recognition technology. The machine is in a lounge for grad students in UC San Diego's computer science building.

"The students are very excited about getting it working," Serge Belongie, a UC San Diego associate professor of computer science, says in a phone interview. "People think it's very cool. ... No one uses money. They have accounts. What would be fun is if (the machine) recognizes you and says, 'Would you like your usual?' "

If UC San Diego students are reluctant to use the machine, their privacy concerns are outweighed by convenience -- a sentiment echoed in survey after survey on biometric technology. In March, Unisys Corp. released a report on public perception of "identity management" that said convenience and efficiency were the two biggest reasons consumers would use biometric technology. (The most preferred biometric methods are fingerprints and voice recognition, according to the survey. The least preferred, because of its perceived intrusiveness, is an iris or eye scan.)

Two of the biggest turnoffs for those who shun biometric technology: suspicion of how the technology works and loss of privacy. Among respondents from North America, just 56 percent said they'd be willing to share their fingerprint with a government organization such as a post office or tax authority. Among respondents from the Asia-Pacific region, 71 percent said they'd share their fingerprint with the government.

"As consumer confidence grows in the large-scale usage of (biometric technology) and standards are more generally comfortably adopted, you're going to see a pretty rapid migration" to it, says Mark Cohn, Unisys vice president for homeland security solutions.

Cohn, a principal architect of the Department of Homeland Security's US-VISIT Exit system, which uses fingerprint technology to run background checks on visa applicants and verify their entry to and arrival from the United States, says Malaysia offers a preview of how the United States may change in the coming years.

Since 2001, the Malay government has issued a biometric "multipurpose card" to Malaysians 12 years and older. The card, which features a thumbprint and photograph, acts as a passport, driver's license, ATM card, toll and parking pass, and medical record that lists blood type and any allergies.

The card is convenient to use -- but it's a nightmare for Malaysians who lose it or have it stolen. Crime syndicates in Malaysia have altered cards with different photographs and used them to give members new identities, though the Malay government insists these identity thieves can't access the original cardholders' personal information. Special chip technology and other password features prevent this, they say. Also, the cardholder's fingerprint -- rather than being visible on the card -- is encrypted in the card itself: To reveal the fingerprint, the card must be inserted into a special biometric device that compares the encrypted print with that of the person claiming to be the cardholder.

For anyone who has read Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four," where "telescreens" keep track of people's lives, this new biometric technology will seem like fiction come to life. It's showing up everywhere. By the end of this year, U.S. passport agencies hope to issue "electronic passports" with computer chips that have digital photos of the holders. With the help of face-recognition machines, airport security can compare a photo with the face of the passport holder. For two years, an American corporation, VeriChip, has sold government-approved electronic chips that are inserted under people's skin to give doctors instant access to patients' medical histories.

In 2008, as mandated by the Real ID Act, states plan to issue driver's licenses linked to a database that includes each license holder's photo and Social Security number. These licenses (civil liberties groups call them national identity cards) will likely include a biometric photo of the driver accessible by authorities.

In the meantime, banks are considering using iris scans and even palm scans at ATMs in an effort to cut down on fraud. (In 1999, Bank United in Texas adopted iris-scan technology at three of its ATMs in a test that was discontinued when Washington Mutual took over the bank.)

Some people love the new technology. Others shun it.

Pay By Touch admits it has encountered some resistance among shoppers it approached in supermarkets that already use the company's fingerprint service. But Morris, its president, says many of these customers are quickly won over by the convenience of Pay By Touch, which is free for consumers, and that the company keeps data points based on users' fingerprints, not actual fingerprints. So far, supermarkets in 40 states use the Pay By Touch system.

Pay By Touch, which is based in San Francisco, wouldn't say which Bay Area supermarket chain will start using its fingerprint system in the next four months -- only that the chain will use the system in just a handful of its Bay Area stores. Pay By Touch users sign up voluntarily and are under no obligation to use it at the checkout line.

Pay By Touch says it takes great care to safeguard its users' data. After fingerprints are converted into algorithms, they're encrypted, then stored in IBM computers. Those algorithms can't be reconverted into an exact copy of the fingerprint, though Pay By Touch may eventually store users' actual fingerprints if the technology improves, Morris says. The company insists it will never sell users' personal information or fingerprints to anyone else -- a pledge that's backed up in writing when users sign up with the company. But what if federal authorities, citing national security, insist on the finger scan and payment history of a Pay By Touch user?

Pam Dixon, who heads the World Privacy Forum, a public research group, went to Chicago to warn potential Pay By Touch users about possible dangers.

"It didn't stick," she says. "People were (more) concerned with (convenience than) the potential risks. People can put their thumb on a pad and be done with it. But meanwhile, their biometric data is sitting with another company, a third party, that's subject to subpoena. One argument that I made: Let's say that every supermarket in the country, particularly the large chains, (use) a biometric payment system. It's a law enforcement dream because who needs a biometric database run by the U.S. government when you've got one being run by private companies?"

Citing the recent disclosure by the Veterans Administration, which said a computer with credit information on millions of veterans had been stolen, Dixon says, "The second issue is information security. If the VA can't keep its records secure, which is a government agency that has all sorts of strict controls that are supposed to be in place, how on Earth can a private company without the resources of something like the VA manage to keep something secure? When we have a credit card stolen, we can call the credit card company and say, 'Give me a new number.' But you can't do that with your biometric. You can't say, 'Give me a new fingerprint.' "

Morris dismisses such concerns, saying that Pay By Touch will actually decrease the likelihood that consumers' credit information is stolen or misappropriated. "I think (Pay By Touch users) get pretty rapidly that it's the ultimate way to secure their private data," he says. "It connects (their accounts) to something that's uniquely them, as opposed to handing a credit card over to a stranger or writing a personal check that seven or eight humans touch before it gets in their statement. Securing information by a biometric is a giant leap forward. (Users) like that they don't have to pull their card out anymore. They (tell us they) like that they don't have to carry their (purses or wallets) through the parking lot of an urban supermarket. There's a physical security benefit. Their numbers are never displayed. The safety of securing their data is the No. 1 thing they like."

The marketplace will determine whether the public is ready to accept commercial fingerprint identification. Investors in Pay By Touch believe that day is here, capitalizing the company with $190 million in the past 12 months. More than 2.5 million shoppers already use the Pay By Touch system. Morris envisions a day when all stores -- even mom-and-pop ones -- offer a Pay By Touch option.

Soon, customers will be able to use Pay By Touch from home with the help of fingerprint readers attached to their computers. In ancient China, rulers would put their fingerprints on documents to give them an official seal. Artists would also mark their work with prints. It wasn't until the late 1800s that authorities realized they could use fingerprints to catch criminals. Their evolution as a way to pay for groceries is a 21st century twist fueled by technology. It's also a trade-off between privacy and convenience. Welcome to the brave new world in Aisle 5.
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27/2/2009 - FOREX EDUCATION/FOREX TRAINING

Do you have what it takes to become a successful Forex Trader?
Forex trading, or any trading for that matter, is an occupation that requires experience and the accumulation of proficiency not unlike any other highly skilled profession. Whether you are a leading executive at a major publically traded company, a professional golfer or trading from your kitchen table, there are 5 key ingredients that one must possess in order to become successful.

1. You must be Passionate about what you do.

As Forex traders we all face one unique set of circumstances that does not exist in any other profession. We get rewarded for when we succeed and equally punished when we don’t! Could you image a corporate worker one quarter receiving a significant accomplishment bonus and the next quarter actually getting money taken from their paycheck for missing performance targets? Not on your life!

We do as Forex traders and that is why passion for what you do will carry you through the tough times that are part of your trading business. Asked yourself why you trade currencies and would you still do it if Forex were not potentially lucrative? Your answers will be quite revealing. You’ve got to feel your passion for trading!

2. You have to Apply Yourself and work hard at it.

I talk to so many people that enter into Forex trading with the aspiration of getting rich quick. Without putting the time and energy into really getting good at trading I see them jump from strategy to strategy looking for the goose that will lay the golden egg and eventually quitting while blaming everything else, except the true cause.

I got news for you – you are the goose and your Forex education is the golden egg. The magic has always resided with the magician and not some strategy. Work hard at trading and the rewards will eventually come your way. Remember what Tiger Woods said, “Funny, the harder I work the luckier I get.” Apply yourself as a trader and it will be no accident when your account begins to blossom.

3. You must Focus to really get good at what you do.

Now here is the hurdle most Forex traders struggle to get over. You have the passion and you are applying yourself to your trade, now focus and really get good at just at what you are doing. Be the expert to the experts at just that one thing. Become the master of a strategy or risk management methodologies. Really focus on getting good at it.

Stop jumping around or getting pulled from the last “latest and greatest” into the next “latest and greatest” and focus on one aspect of Forex trading and know it inside out. Know it strengths and weakness. Set your sights on becoming expert on just one aspect of trading and watch it spill over in all other aspects for your currency trading. This is the time to fail forward fast, use every setback as a learning opportunity that will propel you 3-steps ahead!

4. You must Push Yourself beyond the point everyone else might have quite.

In Forex Trading this is simple. Assume there is someone on the other side of your trade that is pushing themselves and sharpening their edge. To be successful you must you must do the same thing. Now is the time to examine your mental edge. Do you know the single most critical factor in any currency trade? It is you, the trader! Sharpening you mental edge is the most difficult aspect of trading, but also the most rewarding.

Start with your Forex education and gain the self-awareness necessary to maximize your strengths and suppress your weaknesses. Any expert will tell you that trading is 80% mental. It’s time to sharpen your trading to the razor’s edge and you do this through Forex education. A constant and never ending process that will become the cornerstone of your Forex experience.

5. You must, without wavering, be Determined and Persist to your objective.

You will fail. I can state that emphatically. However, you will not be defeated unless you allow your failures to control your trading. It is the old adage; failure is not falling of your horse, failure is refusing to get back on. Your success depends on your ability to dismiss the criticism, rejection, self-doubt and pressures associated with Forex trading.

Defining what is a winning trade, losing trade and bad trade will go a long way into developing you as a successful trader. Without the determination and persistence in all aspects of your trading life, obstacle will definitely appear closer and larger than they actually are.

Take a moment and assess yourself and your trading. Do you have the key elements to succeed? Which areas are presents development opportunities? When conducting a self-evaluation it is critical to be totally upfront and honest with yourself. After all, you will only be dishonest with yourself. One of the most interesting observations you can make is that all key success factors are interwoven. One factor supports the other. This is why your Forex education is a continuous journey of forex strategy, money management and self-mastery. Set these factors as your Forex education goals and take your currency trading to new heights.
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30/11/2008 - paranıza değer nasıl kazandırılır?

14/10/2008 · Kategori: finans

 

Yatırım yaparken amaç riskinizi en düşük seviyeye çekmek ve kâr potansiyelinizi de en yüksek seviyeye çıkarmaktır. Basın yayın organlarında hemen her hafta “kaçırılmaması gereken yatırım”, “fiyatı en ucuz hisse senetleri”, “gayri menkulde en fazla değer kazanacak yerler” gibi manşetlere rastlayabilirsiniz. Bunların bir kısmı gerçekten fırsat olabilir, ama bilmelisiniz ki önemli bir bölümü gereken yatırımlar yapıldıktan sonra haber olur. Yatırımcı psikolojisini de düşünecek olursak, bir hisse senedinin fiyatı gerçekten ucuzsa ve fırsatsa bile, gazeteye çıkıp da artık bütün Türkiye ondan haberdar olduktan sonra değeri kalmaz. Piyasada bir ihtiyacı fark ettiniz ve bu alana yönelik yatırım yaptınız. Eğer bu haber olarak geniş kitlelere duyurulursa ve onlar da bu yatırımı yaparsa ne olur? Yoğun rekabet yaşanır, fiyatlar ve dolayısıyla kâr marjları düşer, para kazanmak için yaptığınız bir iş külfet haline gelmiş olur. Bu durumda kimsenin etkisi altında kalmadan yatırımlarınıza yön verebilmeniz için toplam 7 adet yatırım prensibini sizinle paylaşacağım.
Varlık dağılımı
Farklılaştırma
Risk toleransını belirleme
Araştırma
Vergiler
Ortalama maliyet
Fiyat düşüşlerine karşı soğukkanlılık
Varlık Dağılımı
Varlık dağılımı, yatırım bütçenizin ne kadarlık dilimini hangi yatırım aracına ayıracağınızı belirlemektir. Kendi yatırım portföyünüzü oluşturmanın ilk aşamasıdır. Varlık dağılımı yaptığınızda aşağıdaki gibi bir portföye sahip olursunuz:

Şekilden de anlaşılacağı üzere varlık dağılımı hangi alanlara yatırım yapacağınızı belirler. Sizin borsaya yatırım yapıp yapmayacağınızı varlık dağılımı belirler ama hangi hisse senedine yatırım yapacağınız varlık dağılımının konusu değildir. Bunun bir başka özelliği de varlık dağılımının piyasanın değişen koşullarına rahatlıkla ayak uydurabilmesidir. Portföyünüzdeki hisse senetleri düştü ve döviz yükseldiyse, döviz portföyünüzü azaltıp hisse senedi portföyünüzü azaltabilirsiniz. Bu durumda hem döviz yatırımlarınızdan elde ettiğiniz kârınızı realize etmiş olursunuz, hem de hisse senedi portföyünüzün maliyetini düşürmüş olursunuz. Dolayısıyla varlık dağılımı son derece esnek bir kurgudur ve zamanla değişkenlik gösteririr. Aşağıda döviz ağırlığı azaltılıp hisse senedine kaydırılmış varlık dağılımı tablosunu görüyorsunuz.

Varlık dağılımına gayri menkul, altın gibi diğer yatırım araçlarını da ekleyebilir ya da yukarıdaki örnekte var olan yatırım araçlarından bir ya da birkaç tanesini çıkarabilirsiniz. Bunu yapmaktaki temel amaç, riskinizi azaltabilmektir.
Farklılaştırma
Farklılaştırma, varlık dağılımı ile karıştırılabilen ancak tamamen farklı bir kavramdır. Yumurtaları farklı sepete koymak varlık dağılımıdır, sepete hangi yumurtaların koyulacağına karar vermek ise farklılaştırmadır. Varlık dağılımındaki hisse senedi kategorisinde, hangi hisse senetlerine yatırım yapacağınıza karar vermek ve farklı hisse senetlerine sahip olmak farklılaştırmadır. Gayri menkul sektöründe hem bir arsaya hem de bir konuta yatırım yapmak farklılaştırmadır.
10.000 lira paranız olduğunu düşünelim ve yatırım yapmak istiyorsunuz. Eğer bu para ile repo yaparsanız yıllık net %10 getiri ile beş yılda 16.105 lira değere ulaşır. Aynı parayı farklı yatırım araçlarında değerlendirdiğinizi düşünelim:
2.500 lirası ile kumar oynayıp, şans oyunlarına yatırdığınız bütün paranızı kaybettiğinizi düşünelim.
2.500 lirası ile yıllık %15 getirisi olan hazine bonosu aldığınızı varsayalım. Paranızın beş yılın sonundaki değeri 5.028 lira olacaktır.
2.500 lirası yıllık %10 getiri ile yine repoda kalsın. Bu durumda beş yılın sonundaki değeri 4.026 lira olacaktır.
2.500 lirası ile yıllık %30 getiri sağlayan bir hisse senedine yatırım yaptığınızı düşünelim. 5 yılın sonunda paranızın değeri 9.282 liraya ulaşacaktır.
Şimdi bu rakamları hep birlikte değerlendirelim.


Farklılaştırma Olmadan
Farklılaştırma İle
Repo
16.105
4.026
Kumar
-
0
Hisse Senedi
-
9.282
Hazine Bonosu
-
5.028
Toplam
16.105
18.336

Tabloda da görüldüğü gibi farklılaştırma sayesinde 2.500 lirasını kaybettiğiniz bir yatırım bile nihai olarak daha yüksek bir değere ulaşabiliyor. Aynı zamanda bunu yaparken riskinizi de azaltmış oluyorsunuz. Böylece farklılaştırmanın gücünü kendi adınıza kullanma şansına sahip oluyorsunuz. Eğer bahis oyunlarıyla da ilgilenmiyorsanız kazanç potansiyelinin size tabloda gösterdiğim rakamlardan çok daha yüksek olacağını unutmayın.


Risk Toleransını Belirleme
Bugüne kadar birçok insanın kişisel finansı ile ilgili sorusuna cevap verdim. Sorunları olanların sorunlarını çözebilmek için elimden geleni yaptım. Ancak bazı sorular vardır ki bunun cevabını ne ben ne de bir başkası veremez. Bu sorulardan birkaç örneği sizinle paylaşayım:
100 lira param var, bunu nasıl üçe, beşe katlayabilirim?
Elimdeki 1000 lira ile nasıl zengin olabilirim?
Kişisel finans ve para yönetimi anlatıyorsunuz, bana söyler misiniz ben paramı nasıl yöneteyim?
Bu sorular daha uzayıp gidiyor. Bu sorular öyle sorular ki, soruyu soran kişi sizden bir cümleyle cevabını duymak istiyor, bu da yetmezmiş gibi duyduğu cevap mümkünse hiçbir şey yapmasına gerek kalmadan onu zengin etsin istiyor. Ben de gerçekten tek cümlelik bir cevap veriyorum. “Eğer sorunuzun cevabını biliyor olsaydım, parasal zekâ seminerlerini sunmaz, gidip bire on kazandıran yatırımları yapıyor olurdum”. İşin ilginç yanı, eğer yatırım yapmanın sihirli bir formülü olsaydı zaten yatırım yönetimi üzerine bu kadar çok yazılıp çizilmesine ya da üniversitelerde bunun bir bilim dalı olmasına gerek kalmazdı. İnsanları zengin ya da fakir eden faktörlerden biri de paraya karşı takındıkları tavırdır. Eğer siz bugün çalışıp yarın zengin olmayı umuyorsanız ya da bugün yatırım yapıp yarın ikiye üçe katlamasını umuyorsanız, şansınızı kaybetmişsiniz demektir. Yukarıda örneğini verdiğim soruların tek günlük olmasa da orta ve uzun vadeli düşünen insanlar için cevapları var, ama bu cevaplar kişiden kişiye değişiyor. Bunun için verdiğimiz bir finansal danışmanlık hizmeti var ve bu hizmetin sonunda hizmeti alan kişiye finansal bir rapor sunuyoruz. Çünkü herkesin sahip olduğu risk toleransı farklıdır. Her yatırımcı üç risk grubundan birine girer. Düşük, orta ve yüksek. Risk grubunuzu da yaşınız, medeni durumunuz, çocuk sayınız gibi birçok faktör etkiler. Takdir edersiniz ki bir insanın risk grubu hakkında gözünün içine bakarak fikir sahibi olamazsınız.
Düşük risk kategorisindeki birisinin portföyünün değer kaybetmesine tahammülü yoktur. Bu gruptaki yatırımcılar genellikle tahvil, bono gibi uzun vadeli ve fiyatlarında dalgalanmanın fazla olmadığı yatırımları tercih ederler. Kaybetme riskini düşürebildikleri kadar düşürürler ancak bu aynı zamanda kazanç potansiyelinin de düşmesi anlamına gelir. Düşük risk grubundaki bir yatırımcı için kazanmak ya da kaybetmekten daha önemli olan, yatırımının değerini korumasıdır. Orta risk grubundaki bir yatırımcı ise risklere biraz daha açıktır. Ancak fiyat dalgalanmalarına ve risklere açık olmak orta risk grubundaki bir yatırımcı için bile çok zordur. Dolayısıyla sadece düşük seviyedeki dalgalanmalara tahammül edebilirler. Yüksek risk grubundaki bir yatırımcı için ise fiyat dalgalanmalarında yaşanan hızlı değişimler çok önemli değildir. Onun hedefi yüksek kazanç elde etmektir ve bunun için de yüksek kayıp riskini göze alması gerektiğini bilir.
Araştırma
Varlık dağılımını yaptınız, portföyünüzü farklılaştırdınız ve risk derecenize göre size uygun olan yatırım araçlarını seçtiniz. Bundan sonra sırada hangi yatırım aracına paranızı yatıracağınıza geliyor. B tipi fon almaya karar vermiş olabilirsiniz ama onlarca B tipi fon var. Onlarca hisse senedi, onlarca tahvil ve bono. Hangisini ne şekilde seçeceksiniz? Parasal zekânın ilkelerinden bahsederken bilginin güç olduğunu söylemiştim. Burada riskinizi düşürüp kazancınızı yükseltmek için araştırma yapmanız gerekiyor. Peki araştırmayı nasıl yapacaksınız? Bir bankacıyla konuşursanız yatırım fonlarının cazibesinden, emlakçıyla konuşursanız gayri menkulün getirisinin ne kadar yüksek olduğundan, broker ile konuşursanız da borsada müthiş bir potansiyel olduğundan bahsetmesi kuvvetle muhtemeldir ve hepsi de doğru olabilir. Çünkü onlar yatırım araçlarının geçmişteki performansına bakarak size son bir ya da birkaç yıl içinde ne kadar iyi bir getiri sağladığından dem vurabilirler. Ancak kendinize en uygun aracı finansal durumunuza ve risk toleransınıza göre seçebilirsiniz ve bunu en iyi siz yapabilirsiniz. Bu konuda biraz kafanızı yormanızı, internetten, gazete ve dergilerden araştırma yapıp piyasayı detaylı olmasa da takip etmenizi tavsiye ederim. Bunun için günlerinizi vermenize kesinlikle gerek yok, ama ayda birkaç saatinizi bu işe tahsis ederseniz kazanan siz olursunuz.
Vergiler
Vergilerden ve onların yatırım kararlarımızı nasıl etkilediğinden ilk bölümde bahsettim. Yatırım yaparken elde ettiğiniz kazancın ne kadarını vergi olarak ödeyeceğinizi bilmek çok önemlidir. Getiri potansiyeli olarak çok cazip görünen bir yatırım, vergileri yüksekse vasat bir performansa sahip olabilir. Vergiler konusunda altın kural, vergi oranı ne olursa olsun yaptığınız yatırımın sonunda elde ettiğiniz kazancın yüksek olmasıdır. Diğer bir ifadeyle %90 kazandırıp %70’i vergi olarak ödenen bir yatırım, %10 kazandıran ama vergisi olmayan bir yatırımdan daha caziptir.
Ortalama Maliyet
Ortalama maliyet, paranızın hepsini bir kerede yatırıma yönlendirmeyip, belli dönemlerde yatırım yapmayı ve böylece yatırımı uzun vadeye yayarak riski azaltmayı amaçlar. Daha çok borsada hisse senedi yatırımı yaparken kullanılır. Ortalama maliyet prensibini kullanarak paranızı tamamını bir kerede yatırıma yönlendirmektense sabırlı bir şekilde yatırım yapmanız durumunda fiyat dalgalanmalarından en az seviyede etkilenmiş olursunuz. Diyelim 300 liranız var ve bir hisse senedine yatırım yapacaksınız. Her ay 100 lira yatırım yaptığınızı düşünelim.

Ay
Yatırım Miktarı
Hisse Fiyatı
Hisse Adedi
Ortalama Maliyet
1
100
10
10

2
100
5
20

3
100
2
50

Toplam
300

80
3,75

Yukarıdaki durumda bir hisse senedine paranızın tamamını yatırmak yerine her ay 100 lira yatırım yaptığınızı varsayıyorum. Bu durumda ilk ay 10 liraya aldığınız hisse senedini ikinci ay değeri 5 liraya düşerse o fiyata üçüncü ay ise değerinin 2 liraya düştüğünü varsayarak satın alabilirsiniz. Bu durumda toplam 300 lira yatırımla 80 adet hisse senedi almış olursunuz ve yatırımınızı uzun vadeye yaydığınız için hem riskinizi düşürmüş hem de maliyetinizi 3,75 liraya çekmiş olursunuz. Hisse senedi fiyatları dalgalanır, dolayısıyla fiyatın yönü tekrar yukarıya döndüğünde 4 liraya bile yükseldiğinde satsanız kâr elde etmiş olursunuz. Ortalama maliyetin fiyat odaklı yaklaşımını sizlerle paylaştım. Bunun dışında iki tane daha ortalama maliyet yöntemi var. Bunlardan biri riski sevmeyenler için. Buna göre elde ettiğiniz gelirin bir kısmını yatırım fonu, hazine bonosu gibi riski düşük olan ve sabit getirisi olan enstrümanlara yatırabilirsiniz. Elde ettiğiniz getiri ile de ortalama maliyet tekniğini kullanarak hisse senedi daha yüksek riskli araçlara yatırım yapabilirsiniz. Burada dikkat ederseniz anaparanıza dokunmuyorsunuz, o sabit kalıyor ve her ay da yükseliyor, sadece anaparanızın getirisini riske ediyorsunuz. İkinci bir yöntem ise her ay belli bir miktarda para ile yatırım yapmak yerine belli bir miktarda adet ile yatırım yapmaktır. Buna göre de her ay düzenli olarak bir hisse senedinden 10 adet alabilirsiniz. Hisse senedinin adet fiyatı 5 lira ise 10 tanenin toplam maliyeti 50 lira olacaktır. Fiyat bir dahaki ay 6 liraya yükselirse maliyetiniz 60 liraya yükselir, sonraki ay 4 liraya düşerse toplam maliyetiniz de 40 liraya düşmüş olur. Bu taktiği kullanmak biraz daha esnek bir bütçeye sahip olmayı gerektirir ve daha zordur, ama getiri potansiyeli daha yüksektir.
Ortalama maliyet prensibini kullanırken iki sorunla karşılaşabilirsiniz. Bunlardan birincisi, yatırım yaptığınız aracın fiyatı düşerken onu satın almaya devam etmek istemezsiniz. Hiçbirimiz fiyatı düşmekte olan bir yatırım aracını almaktan hoşlanmayız. Bu insan psikolojisine de yatırım psikolojisine de ters bir durum gibi görünebilir. Bu sorunun çözümü düşen fiyatı umursamadan yatırım yapmaya devam etmektir. Göreceksiniz ki düşüş önce duracak, sonra da yükselişe geçecektir. Karşılaşabileceğiniz ikinci sorun ise düzenli olarak yatırım yapmaya devam etmemektir. Ortalama maliyet tekniğini kullanabilmenin en önemli şartı yatırımınızı dönemlere yaymak ve bunu devam ettirmektir. Eğer yatırım yapmaya devam etmezseniz bu prensip sizin aleyhinize çalışıp para kaybetmenize neden olabilir. Yatırımınızı devam ettirebilmek için ise fiyat değişimi yüksek olan, hızlı iniş ve çıkışları olan hisse senetlerini seçebilirsiniz. Bir hisse senedinin fiyat değişiminin yüksekliği beta değerinin yüksek olmasıyla ölçülür. Beta değeri ise hisse senedinizin fiyat değişiminin, genel olarak borsanın tamamındaki fiyat değişimine oranıyla ölçülür
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30/11/2008 - banka&bank

30/11/2008 · Kategori: finans

 

Kategori:BANKA



In een kort overzicht vind u hier de verschillende leenvormen. Voor de alle duidelijkheid staan hier de verschillen in het kort opgesomd.RekenvoorbeeldDe familie De Vries wil een lening aanvragen voor de verbouwing van de badkamer. Voor deze verbouwing willen ze € 5000,00 lenen. De familie De Vries wil zekerheid wat betreft de maandelijkse rente en wil tussentijds geen geld meer opnemen. Ze kiezen daarom voor een persoonlijke lening.Jan en Anita willen meer financiële bestedingsruimte. Tussentijds willen ze geld kunnen opnemen. Wanneer er meer geld beschikbaar is, willen ze ook de mogelijkheid hebben om meer af te lossen. Ze kiezen voor een doorlopend krediet.Lening vormenDoorlopend kredietWat is een doorlopend krediet?Een doorlopend krediet is er om over langere periode meer bestedingsruimte te hebben. U mag steeds geld opnemen tot aan de kredietlimiet, maar u mag ook minder opnemen.Tussentijds mag er altijd zonder boete worden afgelost. Dit krediet is handig wanneer u nog niet exact weet hoeveel geld u nodig heeft of wanneer u het geld nodig heeft. U betaald elke maand een vast bedrag aan rente en aflossing.Voordelen:- Alleen rente betalen over het opgenomen bedrag- Tussentijds extra geld aflossen (boetevrij)- Meestal een eigen bankpasOversluiten van een doorlopend krediet:U heeft een lening of misschien wel meerdere leningen lopen. Het is dan vaak voordeliger om uw huidige krediet(en) over te sluiten. In plaats van verschillende afschriften, komt alles dan op één handig overzicht.Tussentijds een extra krediet afsluiten:Wanneer u geen achterstand hebt opgelopen met betalen en uw financiële situatie laat het toe, is het mogelijk om een nieuwe lening af te sluiten voordat de vorige is afgelopen. Een deel van het bedrag dat u leent, wordt dan gebruikt voor de aflossing van de vorige overeenkomst(en).Verhogen doorlopend kredietHet kan voorkomen dat naast uw doorlopend krediet nog behoefte is aan een extra financiële reserve. U kunt er dan voor kiezen om het bestaande krediet open te breken en vervolgens uw krediet te verhogen.Persoonlijke leningWat is een persoonlijke leningBij de persoonlijke lening krijgt u in één keer de beschikking over het geleende bedrag. Wanneer u een persoonlijke lening afsluit, weet u precies wanneer de lening eindigt. U spreekt namelijk van tevoren een looptijd af. Zo spreekt u bij een persoonlijk krediet eenmalig een leenbedrag en een looptijd af. U krijgt dit bedrag in één keer op uw rekening gestort. Vervolgens betaald u maandelijks een vast bedrag aan rente en aflossing. In tijden van rentestijgingen biedt een persoonlijk krediet u zekerheid, want uw rente blijft ongewijzigd! Zo weet u precies waar u aan toe bent.Bent u van plan een nieuwe auto of caravan te kopen? Of wordt het tijd voor nieuwe meubels? Wellicht heeft u hiervoor gespaard, maar is het genoeg? Wanneer u extra geld nodig heeft, maar graag overzicht houdt in uw financiën, is een persoonlijke lening voor u een oplossing!Voordelen:- Uitbetaling direct ineens- Vast rentepercentage- Vast maandbedrag- Vaste looptijdVaste renteWanneer de rente stijgt is een persoonlijke lening ideaal. Mocht de rente stijgen, dan heeft dit geen enkele invloed op de persoonlijke lening. Deze rente blijft ongewijzigd.Stel u koopt een auto. Bij een persoonlijke lening spreekt u van tevoren af wat de looptijd van de lening is. U kunt deze lening bijvoorbeeld afstemmen op de levensduur van uw auto. Hierdoor voorkomt u dat de auto al is afgeschreven, maar u nog steeds moet betalen aan uw persoonlijke lening.SpaarkredietEen spaarkrediet is een doorlopend krediet, gekoppeld aan een kapitaalverzekering.Doorgaans betaald u voor een doorlopend krediet maandelijks een bedrag aan rente en aflossing. Bij een spaarkrediet betaald u echter alleen rente, die wordt berekend over het bedrag dat u heeft opgenomen. Gedurende de gehele looptijd kunt u tot uw kredietlimiet bedragen blijven opnemen.Daarnaast betaald u een maandelijkse premie voor een kapitaalverzekering.Met deze verzekering kunt u een kapitaal opbouwen om de lening af te lossen.Dit gebeurt met een kapitaalverzekering bij een gerenommeerde verzekeringsmaatschappij. De uitkering is gelijk aan de eindwaarde van de participaties en dus afhankelijk van de koersontwikkeling.RentekredietEen rentekrediet is een leenvorm voor particulieren die veel lijkt op een doorlopend krediet. Het grootste verschil is dat men bij een rentekrediet niet verplicht wordt om maandelijks af te lossen. Daardoor is het rentekrediet de leenvorm met de laagste maandlast. Deze leenvorm wordt ook vaak gebruikt om geld achter de hand te hebben, zoals bij een verbouwing of restauratie van bijvoorbeeld een oldtimer of ander duur verzamelobject. De looptijd van een rentekrediet is in principe oneindig. U lost immers niets af en betaald alleen rente. Ingezetenen van Nederland van 18 tot 65 jaar met een vast inkomen, wat niet mag bestaan uit een uitkering van de sociale dienst of de WW, kunnen in aanmerking komen voor een rentekrediet.

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